I have understood that “design research” include:

1. Changing existing situations into preferred ones.
2. Understand about how they are now and how they work.
3. Design the outcomes that the results could be predicted.

During the researching, we have 2 types of research: Quantitative and Qualitative research.

Quantitative research is focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon. The collected data from questionnaires, focus group, surveys, etc. 

Qualitative research is the general area of qualitative research includes several research methods, often referred to as ‘ethnography’. These include Case Studies, Participant Observation, Phenomenology, Ethnomethodology, Grounded Theory, Biographical Methodology etc. Include:

• Grounded Theory
• Phenomenology
• Ethnography
• Design Ethnography
• Cultural probes 

Case study:

The basic components of a research design:

• What questions to study
• What data are relevant
• What data to collect
• How to analyze that data

There are six types of data collected in case studies:

• Documents.
• Archival records.
• Interviews.
• Direct observation.
• Participant observation.
• Artefacts

The research proposal

A research proposal contain:

• A summary of the subjects and aims
• A justification of the research
• An overview of the context and related literature
• A summary of the anticipated research design, methods and inherent ethical issues
• The anticipated timescale